Why men can (and should) participate in the care economy too

While the COVID-19 pandemic brought the economics of care into vogue in policy circles, well-intentioned solutions dedicate only a modicum of attention toward how to equitably patch the holes in this industry. If we truly believe in the importance of gender equity and in the necessity of care infrastructure, why aren’t we formulating solutions to increase the number of men in care?

I propose a strategy for the care economy based on the premise of gender equity economics. As Gabriela Bucher, Executive Director of Oxfam International said during Davos 2022, investing in childcare would “liberate the potential” of women.

If liberating women’s potential is the output, how might increasing men’s labour contribution to the paid care industry be the input? Achieving gender equity in the US could activate $3.1 trillion in economic energy. We owe it to ourselves to explore the viability of this solution.

Women dominate today’s care industry. In the US they represent 95% of the paid-care workforce. As a women-dominated industry, the care economy has succumbed to pay inequity via occupational devaluation. The average Latina childcare worker, for instance, made just $22,074 in 2020 – a barely liveable wage.

Occupational segregation and its derivative, occupational devaluation, plague other industries beyond childcare. Take information technology managers and human resources managers as an example. The former skews male and the latter female. Both demand similar levels of education and responsibility, yet information technology managers enjoy median earnings 27% higher than their human resources counterparts.

Five decades of labour market data demonstrate the dynamic nature of occupational devaluation. As more women enter an industry, wages drop; as more men enter an industry, wages rise. One statistical experiment on the wage-gender spiral found that high-skilled jobs with a 0% women workforce would pay $1,555 per week, whereas high-skilled jobs with a 100% women workforce would pay only $840 per week.

That’s a 46% pay gap and this corroborates research that suggests how gender differences in occupation and industry explain 51% of the gender pay gap. In 2019 alone, gender-based occupational segregation robbed Black women of $39.3 billion and Hispanic women of $46.7 billion in income when compared to White men.

Occupational segregation matters because it constricts the supply of labour and impairs everyone’s economic outlook. Men are 50% of the population but makeup only 5% of the caregiving workforce. A third of childcare jobs vanished during the pandemic and more than 1 in 10 ten childcare workers have yet to return to the labour force.

To reimagine the care economy, we have to stop asking women to carry the burden of labour supply in this under-resourced industry. Increasing the number of men working in the care industry would achieve two economic objectives:

When we stop asking women to carry the supply-side burden of labour to the care industry, it frees them to pursue high-yielding careers in future-of-work industries. Women hold fewer than 25% of jobs in emerging professions such as artificial intelligence specialists, back-end developers, big data developers, data engineers, DevOps engineers, front-end engineers and full stack developers. In the growing field of cloud computing, women represent only 14.2% of the talent base. To engineer gender equity in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, we need more women in STEM and more men in care.

Increasing the share of men in the care workforce would grow the industry’s egregiously low wages, as demonstrated by the gender-wage spiral. Rising wages in the care workforce would alleviate the sting of the gender pay gap and provide relief to an economy on the brink of recession. Research shows that by closing the gender pay gap, we can strengthen the US economy by at least $512 billion.

Here are three steps policy-makers can take to reimagine the care industry with gender equity at the core:

Women have been burning both ends of the candle for decades now. It’s time to extinguish the flames of inequity and rebuild our broken care economy in the most equitable way possible.