This is the state of world's energy - in charts

People and businesses around the world used more power in 2021 than in the year before the pandemic, as lockdowns ended and energy demand bounced back, according to an analysis from BP.

The surge in demand is the largest in history and has helped to propel the energy system into its most turbulent period since the oil crisis of the 1970s. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has added to the turmoil, fuelling price hikes and threatening power shortages for some countries.

BP says emissions from energy have also rebounded to pre-pandemic levels. “Considerable progress has been made in sovereign pledges to achieve net zero, but those growing ambitions have yet to translate into tangible progress on the ground… The world remains on an unsustainable path,” says the company’s chief economist, Spencer Dale.

These charts illustrate the urgency in finding secure and affordable energy, while also tackling the climate crisis:

BP says this was “entirely driven” by renewable energy sources between 2019 and 2021 with the level of fossil fuel consumption unchanged. Overall, energy use is estimated to be more than 1% higher than in 2019.

Surprisingly, the biggest increases in energy consumption were primarily seen in emerging economies, according to BP’s research. Countries like China and India set the pace as their economies bounced back from COVID-19 lockdowns. Energy demand in developed economies was actually lower in 2021 than 2019.

When economies came back to life, emissions went up and BP’s sobering conclusion is that if you take the pandemic into account, emissions were “broadly unchanged” for the past two years.

The use of these technologies continued to grow and in 2021 accounted for 13% of global power generation. Renewable energy increased by almost 17% in 2021, and for the past two years it has accounted for more than half of the increase in global power generation.

“The low-carbon energy sources and technologies needed to achieve a fast and deep decarbonization exist today… The challenge is to apply them at unprecedented pace and scale,” says Dale.

But there is a long way to go.

That needs to change fast according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

The IPCC’s experts warned in April 2022 that unless countries accelerate their switch to renewable energy, the prize of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) could be out of reach by the end of the decade.

Although fossil fuels still dominate the market, BP says oil consumption remained below pre-pandemic levels in 2021, with demand for aviation fuel a massive 33% down on the figure for 2019.

Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine, this is a huge barrier to the bloc’s energy security. Imports from Russia accounted for almost 40% of EU natural gas consumption in 2021, a quarter of its imported oil and 20% of its coal.

Russian energy is a habit the EU will struggle to break. Despite the conflict and sanctions, Russian revenues from fossil fuel exports to the EU soared to $43 billion in the first two months after the invasion, CNN reported.

The EU’s goal of ending its reliance on Russian energy could involve accelerating the transition to renewable power sources. But building up solar, wind and other technologies won’t come without costs, and meeting those in the face of a global energy crisis might prove to be a tall order.

“Industrial sectors account for nearly 40% of global energy consumption and more than 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The transformation of these sectors is pivotal to reaching net-zero emissions by 2050,” the World Economic Forum says in its NetZero Industry Tracker 2022. The report sets out a framework for monitoring the progress of industries and sectors as they work towards global climate goals.