Conflict-affected states are at high risk in this era of economic uncertainty, having already had to face the pandemic and the impacts of the Ukraine war.
Key fiscal policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are raising the effective price of fossil fuels and public investments in renewable energy.
International cooperation is essential to manage the costs and maximize the benefits of adaptation, particularly in the Middle East and Asia, IMF states.
Soaring prices for oil, gas and wheat because of Russia's war on Ukraine could lead to unrest in some regions, from Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America.
According to the IMF's Regional Economic Outlook, Central Asia and the Middle East are faced with an unprecedented economic downturn, but the right policies can help.
Limited access to finance, a difficult business environment and a relatively low level of human capital are standing in the way of small- and medium-sized businesses in the MENA region. H...
