Law degree, Kabul University; Master's in International Affairs, George Washington University, US. Formerly: 2001, Representative, UN peace talks, Bonn; 2001, Spokesman, Loya Jerga. Commissioner, National Human Rights Commission. Chairman Civil Service Commission, Negotiator and Spokesperson, Peace Talks-Doha. Senior advisor, President of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Director, Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU). Chairman, Senior Fellow, Wilson Center, Fellow, Hoover Institution of Stanford University. Board Chairman, Open Society Foundation, Afghanistan. Board Member, Afghanistan Education Programs. 2007, Professor, American University of Afghanistan. Fellow, 21 Young Asia Leaders. Recipient of award: Rebook Human Rights Award, Asian Hero, Time Magazine (2004).