Studies in Accounting, Business Administration, Finance and Management, in US and Libya. 1965, with Esso Standard. 1990, Minister of Petroleum; 1993-2000, Minister of Energy, Oil and Electricity; 2000-04, Deputy Prime Minister. With OPEC: 1994, President and Secretary-General; 1996 and 1997, President; since 2007, Secretary-General. Former Chairman: Waha Oil Company; Libyan National Oil Company (2 terms). Former Member of the Board, Umm Al-Jawaby Oil Company.