Bachelor's and Master's in Political Science and International Law, University of Utrecht, Netherlands. 1975-88, with ITT, Netherlands; 1988, President, PTT Telecom, Netherlands; 1997, Executive Vice-President and Chief Operating Officer, then Vice-Chairman, Management Board, Lucent Technologies; 2002-08, Chief Executive Officer, BT; 2008-13, Chief Executive Officer, Alcatel-Lucent. Member, Foundation Board, World Economic Forum. Officer of the Orange Order-Nassau and Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur (2006).