1980, MSc, Economics, Université Laval. Formerly, more than 20 years with National Bank Financial, incl: Senior Vice-Pres.; 2002, Chief Economist, Strategist and economic spokesperson. Consulted by Canadian business leaders and Canadian and provincial governments as part of their budget planning activities; Sr Adviser to Deputy Minister, Dept of Finance, Canada. 2008-09, official Canadian delegate for G20 workgroup, Dept of Finance, Canada. 2009-12, Minister for Economic Development and Innovation of Quebec, and Minister of Natural Resources. Vice-Chair, Global Agenda Council on Competitiveness, World Economic Forum. President, Association des Economistes Québécois.