Studies in American Literature and Economics; graduate, Ecole Nationale d'Administration, Paris. Formerly: with French Treasury; Financial Attaché, French Embassy in London; Adviser to French President, François Mitterrand; 1990-93, Minister for European Affairs; 1994-97, Member of European Parliament; since 1994, Founding President, Europartner Association; since 1997, Member, French National Assembly; 1997-2000, Minister of Justice; 2000-02, Minister of Employment and Solidarity. Author including: I'm Talking about Europe (2004); Light Up the Stars Again (2006).