MSc in Chemical Engineering, University of Abo Akademi, Finland; INSEAD. 1990-94, Director, Confederation of Finnish Industry and Employers. With International Labour Organization (ILO): 1994-97, Director, Bureau of Employers' Activities; 1997, Assistant Director-General and Member, Directorate; 1997-2004, Assistant Director-General, Executive Director, Employment Sector. Currently: Governmental Affairs Adviser, ManpowerGroup; adviser to labour authorities in China and Vietnam. Chair: Task Force on Labour Migration, European Policy Centre; World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on Migration. Member: Future Work Forum; Expert Group on New Skills for New Jobs, European Commission.