Bachelor's in Economics, School of Economics and Administration, University of São Paulo. PhD in Development Sociology, Philosophy, Sciences and Liberal Arts School, University of São Paulo. Professor of Economics, School of Business Administration, Getúlio Vargas Foundation, São Paulo; 1982-87, Professor of Economics, Master's and PhD programmes, Catholic University of São Paulo; 1984-87, Deputy Dean, Catholic University; 1989-92, Budget Director and Chief of Staff of the São Paulo Municipal Planning Secretariat; 1984, 1989 and 1998 Presidential elections, Member of the Workers' Party (PT) Economic Programme Coordinating Group; 1993-2002, Economic Advisor to President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and one of PT's Economic Programme coordinators in 2002 Presidential campaign; 2003-04, State Minister of Planning, Budget and Management; since March 2006, current position and President, National Social and Economic Development Bank (BNDES). Author of numerous articles in journals: Author of books including: Monopolist Accumulation and Crises in Brazil (1981); Brazilian Economic Policy (1984); The Brazil Cost - Myth or Reality (1997); Talks with Brazilian Economists II (1999).