1971, PhD, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel; 1974, postdoctoral training, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US. One of the world's leading authorities on the development of viruses for gene therapy vectors. Since 1974, with Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Concurrently: Professor of Molecular Biology, American Cancer Society; Editor-in-Chief, Molecular Therapy; Handling Editor, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Member: Third World Academy of Sciences; National Academy of Sciences, India; National Academy of Sciences, US; Institute of Medicine; Associate Member, European Molecular Biology Organization; American Philosophical Society. Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Recipient of honours and awards including: Vilcek Foundation Prize (2008); Outstanding Achievement Award, ASGT (2009).