1958, Lawyer. 1984, 1988, 1993 and 1997, elected to Federal House of Commons as Member, Progressive Conservative Party, Sherbrooke; 1984, Deputy Speaker, House of Commons; 1986-88, Minister of Youth; 1988, Minister of Fitness and Amateur Sport; 1988, Deputy Leader of Government; 1990, Chairman, Special House of Commons Committee to study proposed Companion Resolution to Meech Lake Constitutional Accord; 1991, Minister of Environment; Member: Cabinet Committee, Priorities and Planning; Committee on Canadian Unity and Constitutional Negotiations; 1993, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Industry and Science, and Minister, Federal Office of Regional Development, Quebec; 1993-98, Leader, Progressive Conservative Party, Canada; 1995, Vice-Chair, National Committee of Quebecers for NO side; 1998, Leader, Quebec Liberal Party; 1998, Leader, Official Opposition; 2003, Premier of Quebec and Minister for Youth Matters, re-elected in 2007 and 2008.