1979-80, Law Clerk, US Court of Appeals for Second Circuit; 1980-81, Law Clerk, Associate Justice; 1981-82, Special Assistant, Attorney General; US Department of Justice; 1982-86, Associate Counsel, White House Counsel's Office; 1986-89, 1993-2003, private practice, Washington DC; 1989-93, Principal Deputy Solicitor General; US Department of Justice; 2003, US Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.