1971, BA, Carleton University; 1976, LLB, University of Ottawa. 1978, Ontario bar. 1988, elected to parliament; re-elected three times. 1993-2003, Minister of Industry, then Foreign Affairs, then Finance; concurrently, Deputy Prime Minister. 2001, Chair, Cabinet Committee on Public Security and Anti-terrorism; also Political Minister for Ontario. 2003, led a review of Ontario's electricity sector. 2005, Co-Chair, Independent Task Force on the Future of North America, Council on Foreign Relations. 2007, Chair, Independent Panel on Canada's Future Role in Afghanistan. Director: CIBC; CAE; TELUS. Member, advisory boards and not-for-profit organizations.