Bachelor's in Law, National University of Mexico (UNAM); degree (Hons) in Economics, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM); PhD in Economics, University of Yale. Former: positions with the National Insurance and Finance Commission; positions in public administration in the financial sector, including General Director, Financial Planning, National Commission on the Savings System for Retirement (CONSAR), Assistant Secretary of Savings Protection, Institute for the Protection of Bank Savings (IPAB), Director-General of Banking and Savings, Department of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP), Director-General, National Bank of Rural Credit (BANRURAL), Director-General, Rural Development Bank (Financiera Rural), Secretary of Energy (SENER), Secretary of Finance and Public Credit, and Secretary of Foreign Affairs; Secretary of Finance and Public Credit of Mexico.