Degree in Mechanical Engineering; MBA, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. 1971, with ICICI; 1988, South-East Asia, Asian Development Bank; 1996, Chief Executive Officer, ICICI. President, Confederation of Indian Industry. Member of the Board: Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad; Manipal University. Honorary PhD, Banaras Hindu University. Recipient of awards including: Padma Bhushan, one of India's highest civilian awards (2008); Forbes Asia Businessman of the Year (2007); Business Leader of the Year, Economic Times (2007); Banker of the Year, Business Standard (2006); Outstanding Business Leader of the Year, CNBC-TV18 (2006); Businessman of the Year, Business India (2005); Asian Business Leader of the Year, CNBC (2001).