Graduate (Hons) in Engineering, Cambridge University; MPA, Kennedy School, Harvard University. Nine years' experience in the Singapore Armed Forces in both command and staff appointments. Experience with the Ministry of Defence; posted to Ministry of National Development as Deputy Secretary; 1991, Chief Executive Officer, Housing and Development Board. Since 1991, Member of Parliament. Since 1995, Cabinet Minister; 1995-2004, Minister of National Development, Minister of Health and then Minister in the Prime Minister's Office; since 2004, Minister of Trade & Industry. Concurrently, Deputy Chairman, Monetary Authority of Singapore; Board Director, Government of Singapore Investment Corporation.