1980-83, studies in Electrical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, Durban; 1996, diploma in Economic Principles, University of London; 2001, MSc in Financial Economics, University of London. 1981-82, with Norton Abrasives, Isando, Kempton Park; 1983-84, with family business, Umtata; 1985, Trainee Electrical Engineering Technician, Umtata Municipality Electrical Engineering Section; 1985, voluntary work for ANC after going into exile from South Africa; 1991-93, worked on CODESA and multi-party negotiations; 1993, Regional Elections Coordinator, ANC; since 1994, Member of Parliament, South Africa; 1997, Chair, Portfolio Committee on Finance, National Assembly; 1999, Deputy Minister of Finance, South Africa; since 2004, current position. Member: 1991-94, REC, Transkei; 1994-98, REC, Umtata; since 1998, PEC, Eastern Cape; since 1999, ex-officio NEC member.