1956, AB, Oberlin College; 1958, MSc in Economics, London School of Economics; 1962, PhD, Harvard University. 1961-63, Senior Staff Economist, President Kennedy's Council of Economic Advisors; 1965-66, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Monetary Affairs; 1966-67, Professor of International Economics and 1972-74, Provost, Yale University. 1977-81, Undersecretary for Economic Affairs, US State Department for President Carter; Chairman, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston; 1990-92, Chairman Emeritus, Advisory Committee, and Director, Institute for International Economics; 1995-97, Chairman, National Intelligence Council. Member, Executive Panel, Chief of Naval Operations. Director, CNA. Member: Trilateral Commission; Council on Foreign Relations. Writer or editor of 600 articles and books including: International Monetary System (1987); What the Future Holds (2002).