Degree in Economics, Rhodes University; Master's in International Relations, University of Southampton, UK; Doctorate in Political Studies, University of Sussex, UK. 1979-90, with Centre of African Studies, Eduardo Mondlane University; until 2004, Professor and Co-Director, Centre for Southern African Studies, University of the Western Cape, research interests included Southern African regional cooperation and integration; undertook policy research for ANC and the Southern African Development Community; engaged with issues of globalization and international trade. Since 1994, Member of South African Parliament; chaired Portfolio Committees of Finance and of Trade and Industry, and Sub-Committee of the Constitutional Assembly responsible for Chapter 13 (Finance) of Constitution; 2005-09, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Trade and Industry, South Africa; since May 2009, current position.