1973, BA, Hitotsubashi University; 1979, PhD, Harvard University. 1979, Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota. 1991, Professor, Hitotsubashi University. 1992-94, Visiting Professor, Harvard University. 1994-97, Senior Adviser, Research Department, IMF; 1999-2001, Deputy Vice-Minister, Ministry of Finance; 2001, Professor, Hitotsubashi University; from 2002, Professor, Research Centre for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo. Member, Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy, Japanese Government; 1984-85, National Fellow, Hoover Institution. 1991, Fellow, Econometric Society. 2004, President, Japan Economic Association. Recipient of the Medal of Purple Ribbon, 2011. Expertise: international finance, Japanese economy.