1975, degree (Hons) in Mediterranean Studies, Brandeis University; Marshall Scholarship, St Antony's College, University of Oxford; 1978, Master's in Modern Middle East Studies, Oxford. With United Press International: 1978, London Bureau; 1979, Correspondent, Beirut. With New York Times: 1981, Financial Reporter, New York; 1982, Beirut Bureau Chief; 1984-88, Israel Bureau Chief; 1989, Chief Diplomatic Correspondent, Washington DC; 1992, Chief White House Correspondent; 1994, International Economics Correspondent; since 1995, Foreign Affairs Columnist. Author of six books, including: From Beirut to Jerusalem (1989); Longitudes and Attitudes (2002); The World is Flat (2005) and That Used To Be Us. Recipient of awards: Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting (1983, 1988); Pulitzer Prize for Commentary (2002).