1985, BA (Hons) in Economics and Political Science, National University of Lesotho; 1987, MA in Development Economics, University of East Anglia, England. Formerly: Deputy Head, Department of Economic Policy, ANC; also represented the ANC on several domestic and international platforms. 1994-98, Minister of Labour in President Nelson Mandela’s cabinet. 1998, joined the South African Reserve Bank as Adviser to the Governor. 1999-2009, eighth Governor of the South African Reserve Bank from. Former honorary professor at several South African universities. Recipient of honorary doctorates.