Graduate degrees in Mathematics, Operations Research and Economics. Known for work on positive feedback or increasing returns in economy, what happens when products that gain market share find it easier to gain further market share. 1983-95, Morrison Professor of Economics, Stanford University. Member of the Board, Santa Fe Institute, New Mexico, US. Recipient of awards: Lagrange Prize in Complexity Science; Schumpeter Prize in Economics. Expertise and interests: economics of high technology.