Degree in Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tsinghua University; in-service postgraduate education; Doctorate in Law. 1969, entered the workforce. 1974, joined the Communist Party of China (CPC). Currently: General-Secretary, CPC Central Committee; Chairman, CPC Central Military Commission; President of the People’s Republic of China (PRC); Chairman, PRC Central Military Commission.