PhD in Economics. 1978-80, studies, Department of Economics, Peking University. 1980-86, studied Business Administration, Hamline University; then pursued Doctorate in Economics, University of Illinois. 1986-94, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, then Professor, Department of Economics, Indiana University. 1994, co-founded the China Center for Economic Rsearch (CCER) at Peking University, served as Deputy Director, Full Professor and PhD Adviser, economics. With the People’s Bank of China: 1997-2002, Deputy Secretary-General, Monetary Policy Committee; 2002-03, Secretary-General, Monetary Policy Committee, and Deputy Director-General, Monetary Policy Department; October 2003, Director-General, Monetary Policy Department; July 2004, Member, CPC Committee; Assistant Governor; 2006-07, President, Operation Office, Secretary, CPC Operation Office Committee, and Director, Beijing Foreign Exchange Administration Office, State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE); December 2007, Deputy Governor and Member, CPC Committee; 2009-15, Administrator, SAFE, and Secretary, CPC SAFE Leadership Group; March 2016, Deputy Secretary, CPC Committee, and Deputy Governor; since March 2018, Governor. Deputy Director, Office of the Central Leading Group on Financial and Economic Affairs. Alternate Member, 19th CPC Central Committee. Representative, 18th and 19th CPC National Congress. Member, 12th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee.