Energy Transition

Africa is leading the way in solar power potential

Solar power panels are seen at the Atlantic Shrimpers farm in Badagry, Lagos, Nigeria.

Africa has the world’s greatest solar energy potential. Image: REUTERS/Temilade Adelaja

Victoria Masterson
Senior Writer, Forum Agenda
  • Africa has the world’s greatest solar energy potential, World Bank data analysed by Statista shows.
  • But investment is needed to harness this solar energy potential in Africa.
  • Africa is one of the regions most at risk from climate change, although it only emits about 4% of greenhouse gas emissions globally.

Africa’s solar energy potential is immense.

But unlocking this potential will involve multiple governments and partners working together.

In the infographic below, data specialist Statista ranks Africa ahead of Central and South America, North America, Asia, Oceania, Europe and Russia for long-term potential solar energy output.

Average long-term practical potential solar energy output, by world region.
Solar energy in Africa has more potential than any other region in the world, new data shows. Image: Statista

Africa’s untapped solar potential

Africa is the only region in the world where a measure indicating "excellent conditions" for solar power is exceeded.

In the less developed countries of Africa, a lot of this potential is still untapped, says Statista.

But the World Bank’s Global Solar Atlas, whose data Statista analyzed for its infographic, still describes Africa’s solar potential as a “unique opportunity” to provide affordable, reliable and sustainable electricity to “a large share of humanity where improved economic opportunities and quality of life are the most needed”.

Solar power potential in the Middle East and North Africa.
Africa’s solar power potential is world-leading. Image: Global Solar Atlas

Investing in Africa’s renewables

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), Africa has 60% of the world’s best solar resources, but only 1% of solar generation capacity.

To achieve its energy and climate goals, Africa needs $190 billion of investment a year between 2026 to 2030, with two-thirds of this going to clean energy, the IEA says.

The World Bank, the IEA and other partners including the United Nations recently called for developed economies to provide more support to develop the energy and renewables sectors in developing economies including Africa.

Average annual energy investment in the Sustainable Africa Scenario, 2016-2030.
To achieve Africa’s energy and climate goals, energy sector investment needs to roughly double. Image: IEA

Climate risk in Africa

Statista notes in a separate graphic that Africa is one of the regions most at risk from climate change, although it only emits about 4% of greenhouse gas emissions globally.

Lack of water, falling food production, more extreme weather events and lower economic growth – which contribute to “mass migration and regional instability” – are some of the ways climate change is impacting Africa, the IEA says.

A global ‘climate resilience’ ranking of 136 countries by consultancy Henley & Partners shows that the eight least resilient countries are all in Africa.

Richer countries known to have higher greenhouse gas emissions, on the other hand, have higher climate resilience scores, with the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom ranked the most resilient to climate change.

Index scores for climate resilience of African countries in 2022.
Countries in Africa are among the most at risk from climate change. Image: Statista

Africa’s solar future

Solar power can help Africa reduce emissions and widen access to electricity, but the continent is only in the early stages of building its solar resources.

Statista reported earlier this year that Africa generates 9% of its energy from renewable resources, and that solar capacity in Africa grew 13% between 2019 and 2020.

In its Africa Energy Review 2021, professional services firm PwC says Africa has “substantial solar power potential”.

Fossil fuels still dominate Africa’s energy mix, but efforts are underway to accelerate solar and wind power technologies, it says.

Africa's current energy generation mix.
Fossil fuels still dominate Africa’s energy mix. Image: Africa Energy Review 2021, PwC

For rural areas, solar energy brings power without expensive connections to the electricity grid, PwC says. Solar panel technology is also the cheapest of all renewable technologies at $995 per kilowatt.

South Africa and Egypt have the biggest solar capacity, followed by Algeria, the report says.

By 2050, energy company BP predicts that around 30% of Africa’s energy production will be from solar power.

Discover

What's the World Economic Forum doing about the transition to clean energy?

Have you read?
Loading...
Don't miss any update on this topic

Create a free account and access your personalized content collection with our latest publications and analyses.

Sign up for free

License and Republishing

World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum.

Stay up to date:

SDG 07: Affordable and Clean Energy

Related topics:
Energy TransitionGeographies in Depth
Share:
The Big Picture
Explore and monitor how SDG 07: Affordable and Clean Energy is affecting economies, industries and global issues
A hand holding a looking glass by a lake
Crowdsource Innovation
Get involved with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale
World Economic Forum logo
Global Agenda

The Agenda Weekly

A weekly update of the most important issues driving the global agenda

Subscribe today

You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. For more details, review our privacy policy.

The biggest barriers to energy sector growth are often policy-related.  Here’s how to overcome them

Al-Karim Govindji

October 28, 2024

How geopolitics will both hinder and accelerate the global energy transition

About us

Engage with us

  • Sign in
  • Partner with us
  • Become a member
  • Sign up for our press releases
  • Subscribe to our newsletters
  • Contact us

Quick links

Language editions

Privacy Policy & Terms of Service

Sitemap

© 2024 World Economic Forum