Heatwaves raise questions for urban areas, and other city-focused stories you need to read

Intense heatwaves across the northern hemisphere are raising urgent questions about the way cities operate. Some are already looking at policy changes to adapt to increasingly frequent high temperatures brought about by the climate crisis.

Car use is being discouraged in the Spanish city of Valladolid, with the mayor's office saying vehicles with combustion engines are exacerbating high ozone levels caused by the heatwave. It marks something of a reversal for the city's new coalition government, which had recently said it would cut back the size of Valladolid's low-emission zone.

Germany's government is considering introducing siestas for workers. The midday breaks are common in traditionally warmer areas of Southern Europe. Extreme heat is a risk for 200 million people in urban areas and this figure is expected to reach 1.6 billion by 2050, but few cities currently have rules on maximum safe working temperatures, the Financial Times reports.

This is already affecting tourism, a major income source for many cities. In Italy, tourists in Rome have been heading home early because of the heat. It comes after the country's environment ministry said earlier this year that rising temperatures are likely to result in tourists travelling in spring and autumn rather than the summer, and choosing cooler destinations.

Greece was forced to close the Acropolis, which draws around 17,000 visitors a day, as temperatures reached 45°C in Athens.

The ways cities are built also need to be considered, given the possibility of steel warping in high temperatures. Concrete also becomes more difficult to use in warm weather as it will set faster, the FT reports.

Buildings with green facades, such as Kö-Bogen II in the German city of Düsseldorf, could become more common. Kö Bogen II has Europe's largest green facade, with 30,000 hornbeam hedges on its surface. This helps to cool the surrounding area and improve air quality.

Building work has begun at an urban development designed to make the lives of neurodiverse people easier.

The South Cato Springs project, located just outside Fayetteville in the US state of Arkansas, aims to bring together housing, services, clinical care and employment opportunities suited to neurodiverse adults.

"Mindful urbanism" is at the heart of the project, according to developer OSD. The site works to integrate the surrounding landscape – such as mountains and forests – and features walkable and bikeable mixed-use neighborhoods, as well as sustainable communities.

Neurodiverse people can face difficulties in processing their environment because of sensory overload. Groups such as the Autism Housing Network aim to help people on the autism spectrum find living environments better suited to their needs.

Fayetteville Mayor Lioneld Jordan says South Cato Springs "is significant because it's striving to tackle a significant issue, and that is ensuring our neurodiverse residents get the health care, job-skill training, employment and housing opportunities they deserve".

Infrastructure work is due to start this year and the development is expected to take 10-15 years to complete.

Electricity demand has soared beyond all-time highs in the US state of Arizona as state capital Phoenix faces a record-breaking number of days with temperatures above 110°F (37.8°C). Soaring air conditioning demand is putting power grids around the world under pressure – cooling already accounts for a fifth of building electricity use, and is set to rise because of the climate crisis.

Flooding is hitting several Chinese cities because of intense summer storms. The drainage systems in China's heavily built-up megacities may face problems coping with the influx of water, prompting work to clear drain outlets on roadsides before the rainfall arrived.

Floods have also struck India's ancient holy cities of Vrindavan and Mathura, after heavy rainfall in northern India led to the Yamuna river breaching its banks. Water levels were waist-high in some areas, and thousands of residents were evacuated.

SUV drivers in Paris will face higher parking fees from 1 January 2024, as the city looks to cut pollution. The exact level of the fee has not been revealed, but it will be determined by the vehicle's size, weight and engine capacity, UK newspaper The Guardian reports.

Self-driving cars are moving back up the agenda in the US, with lawmakers looking to reboot work on regulation held up for more than five years. A congressional hearing on safe vehicle use will occur on 26 July.

The Dutch capital Amsterdam is banning cruise ships from its centre, saying they do not align with its sustainable ambitions. It follows other moves by the city to reduce visitor numbers, including a campaign urging men to hold pre-wedding parties elsewhere.

One of the Philippines' largest cities is to receive a $1 billion loan from the Asian Development Bank to fund a low-carbon bus programme. Davao will use the money to buy more than 1,000 electric buses, as well as build new terminals and bus stops.

Increasing levels of apartment construction in the US could lead to a drop in rental costs, helping to bring inflation under control. Rent prices rose by 8% on the year in June, making up 70% of the increase in the consumer price index.

Inner cities will be the focus of a UK housing construction drive that aims to build 1 million homes. Prime Minister Rishi Sunak says he wants to build homes "where there is the most need".

Office buildings in Australia are undergoing price downgrades because of a combination of higher interest rates and people continuing to work remotely following the COVID-19 pandemic.

The number of people living in cities has quadrupled in the past 50 years to around 4.5 billion in 2022. This is why cleaner cities are key to solving the climate crisis. Here are some of the strategies that could help make that happen.

New Delhi could be the world's largest city by the end of the decade. How can its increasingly congested metro keep up? Well-considered policy decisions and private-sector investment will be crucial.

Migrants sent almost $650 billion home to low- and middle-income countries in 2022 – three times more than total overseas development aid for the year. This money has been critical in helping cities in these nations fund recovery efforts from extreme weather events, but also underlines how more needs to be done to direct climate funding to these cities.